Oceanic ATC Procedures and HF Communication

Oceanic ATC Procedures and HF Communication

Flying over oceans presents unique challenges for pilots and air traffic controllers. Unlike continental airspace, where radar coverage is almost continuous, oceanic regions require different procedures and communication systems. Oceanic ATC procedures and HF (High Frequency) communication form an important part of the curriculum in DGCA Ground Classes for aspiring commercial pilots.

Why Oceanic Procedures Are Different

Over the ocean, there is limited or no radar surveillance. This means pilots must follow strict procedural separation and rely heavily on position reporting. Oceanic airspace is governed by special ATC centers like Shanwick, Gander, or Mumbai Oceanic, which coordinate flights using time-based separations instead of radar vectors.

In DGCA Ground Classes, students are trained to navigate oceanic routes, understand clearance procedures, and deal with contingencies.

Position Reporting and Waypoints

Since real-time tracking is limited, pilots must report their position at designated waypoints. These include:

• Current position

• Next waypoint and ETA

• Subsequent waypoint after that

This helps ATC build a mental radar of aircraft positions in the sky. Reports are made via voice or data link (CPDLC), but HF radio is still commonly used in many oceanic regions.

DGCA Ground Classes cover how to phrase position reports and the timing intervals for reporting.

HF Communication in Oceanic Airspace

High Frequency (HF) radio is used over the ocean due to its long-range capability. HF frequencies can reach thousands of kilometers by bouncing off the ionosphere, making them ideal where VHF coverage ends.

Pilots are trained to use HF radios efficiently, including:

• Selecting appropriate frequencies based on propagation

• Using SELCAL for selective calling

• Managing interference and understanding signal delays

These skills are essential components of training in DGCA Ground Classes.

Contingency Procedures

In case of equipment failure, weather deviation, or medical emergency, oceanic contingency procedures are strictly defined. These include:

• Lateral offsets

• Altitude changes

• Broadcasting intentions on 121.5 MHz and HF frequencies

Pilots are required to be thoroughly familiar with NAT HLA (North Atlantic High-Level Airspace) and other regional requirements.

Conclusion

Operating in oceanic airspace requires precision, discipline, and thorough knowledge of procedures and HF communication protocols. DGCA Ground Classes provide pilots with the expertise needed to safely operate in non-radar environments, making them ready for global commercial operations.